This prediction of the Prophet has thus materialized in his personality, word for word. One need not wait for any other Mahdi now. The Mahdi is one of us, the clan of the Prophet. God will reform him in one night.
Reported by Imam Ahmad and Ibn Maqah. The Mahdi is from my Ummah ; he will be born and live to rule five or seven or nine years. The Mahdi will be of my stock, and will have a broad forehead, a prominent nose and a mark on his right cheek. He will fill the earth with equity and justice as it was filled with oppression and tyranny, and he will rule for seven years. Belief in the Mahdi is more prevalent in Shi'ite Islam. Twelvers believe him to be the Twelfth Imam who is in occultation until he returns at the end of time.
The cryptic destiny of the assumed son of the eleventh Imam led to numerous rifts with prominent doctrinal adjustments. Sources from this era replicate, in their specific method, the hesitation and crisis believers experienced.
A close study of these sources definitely seems to display that thoughtful hesitations and serious gaps occurred concerning a significant number of vital doctrinal fundamentals that became articles of faith. There are many theories to about the twelve Imam. There are sources that attribute two dissimilar formations of the occultation to Mahdi. According to another theory stated by Ebn Nadim, Abu Sahl is said to have kept that the twelfth Imam died, but covertly left behind a son as a descendant to him; the heredity of Imams would therefore be preserved in occultation from father to son until the last Imam reveals himself publicly as the Mahdi.
Ultimately, none of the theories were continued, but here one distinguishes uncertain struggles to justify the notion of occultation. These doctrines were faced with, and overpowered, much confrontation before finally standing as articles of faith. Bahdala from Kufa. This also mirrored doubts that evaluated upon the personality of the Mahdi.
The father revealed the baby to some forty close disciples, and then the child was concealed. Now, it is well known that according to Imami law, under some circumstances the legacy belongs to the mother of the deceased when the final does not leave behind a child.
This future is foreshadowed by a number of signs. The widespread signs are the prevalent invasion of the earth by Wicked, the overpowering of knowledge by unawareness, and the loss of an intelligence of the blessed and all that associates man to God and his neighbors.
The Mahdi accordingly becomes visible, all the while having inexplicably kept his youth. He combats and ultimately deracinates Evil, re-establishing the world to its novel wholesome state. He will also convey knowledge to manhood by enlightening the obscure secrets of Holy Scriptures. Powers of inequality and obliviousness will be all eliminated, the earth will be inflated with justice and wisdom, and morality revitalized by knowledge. The Mahdi accordingly formulates the world for the last trial of the ultimate reappearance of the Last Judgment.
According to some traditions, the Mahdi will be in control upon the earth for certain time, seven, nine or nineteen 7, 9, 19 years, after which ensues the death of all civilization just preceding the Judgment. Throughout Islamic history, Imami panegyric as well as hagiographic works devoted to the Hidden Imam tried hard to validate that the figure of the Mahdi, contemporary in Sunni hadith, mentioned to the twelfth Imam Imami urgings increased drive through the 13th century when certain great Sunni intellectuals subsidized their sustenance to the Imami doctrine of categorizing the Mahdi with the twelfth Imam:.
Given the dates of these authors and their works, coinciding with the arrival of the Mongols, the end of Sunni caliphal power and the increasing political influence of the Imamis, one wonders if this doctrinal reversal was not dictated by a certain opportunism. Yusof Ganji was assassinated in Damascus in for having collaborated with the Mongol conquerors.
In any case, it is from this period onward that one notices, from time to time, some learned Sunnis rallying to Imami Mahdism. Already in the 11th century, Abu Bakr Bayhaqi had criticized the agreement of some Sufis regarding the documentation of the Mahdi with the last Imam of the Twelvers.
The Kaaba , Mecca. In Shia Islam "the Mahdi symbol has developed into a powerful and central religious idea. He is still alive but has been in occultation , "awaiting the time that God has decreed for his return," When it comes he promised that no one who wanted happiness would be denied and no one who had believed will be left behind.
According to Moojan Momen, Shia traditions state that the Mahdi be "a young man of medium stature with a handsome face" and black hair and beard. The Twelfth Imam will return as the Mahdi with "a company of his chosen ones," and his enemies will be led by the one-eyed Antichrist and the Sufyani. The two armies will fight "one final apocalyptic battle" where the Mahdi and his forces will prevail over evil.
After the Mahdi has ruled Earth for a number of years, Isa will return. The Mahdi is the protector of the knowledge, the heir to the knowledge of all the prophets , and is aware of all things. The dominion authority of the Mahdi is one of the proofs that God has created all things; these are so numerous that his [the Mahdi's] proofs will overcome will be influential, will be dominant everyone and nobody will have any counter-proposition against him.
People will flee from him [the Mahdi] as sheep flee from the shepherd. Later, people will begin to look for a purifier. But since they can find none to help them but him, they will begin to run to him.
When matters are entrusted to competent [the Mahdi], Almighty God will raise the lowest part of the world for him, and lower the highest places. So much that he will see the whole world as if in the palm of his hand.
Which of you cannot see even a single hair in the palm of his hand? In the time of the Mahdi, a Muslim in the East will be able to see his Muslim brother in the West, and he in the West will see him in the East. The Master of the Command was named as the Mahdi because he will dig out the Torah and other heavenly books from the cave in Antioch.
He will judge among the people of the Torah according to the Torah; among the people of the Gospel according to the Gospel ; among the people of the Psalms in accordance with the Psalms ; among the people of the Qur'an in accordance with the Qur'an.
Ja'far al-Sadiq , the Sixth Imam, made the following prophecies:. Who is the Mahdi qa'im of your clan ahl al-bayt? Sadir al-Sayrafi says: I heard from Imam Abu Abdullah Ja'far al-Sadiq that: Our modest Imam, to whom this occultation belongs [the Mahdi], who is deprived of and denied his rights, will move among them and wander through their markets and walk where they walk, but they will not recognize him.
Only he [the Mahdi] can explain the works of the Messenger of God. The face of the Mahdi shall shine upon the surface of the Moon.
According to Moojan Momen, among the most commonly reported signs that presage the advent of the Mahdi in Shia Islam are the following:. According to some Quranic exegetes a number of Quranic verses refer to Mahdi, for example in verse the word baqiyatallah has been understood to be one of Mahdi's titles. Similarly, according to some viewpoints, verses , , and are also indicative of Mahdi.
He would be unknown until Allah wills it. A proclaimer will come, raising his voice that he is Mahdi, the caliph of Allah. Therefore, you must obey him. There will be a difference of opinion at the time of the demise of a caliph. His name is not known, but he will be the last caliph and after him, Imam Mahdi will be the caliph. Members will have a difference of opinion over who to be chosen as the caliph. Then, a person from the people of Madinah will go towards sacred Makkah quickly fearing that he might be chosen as a caliph.
At that time, the king of Syria will be an unbeliever. When he will be informed about his caliphate, in order to fight battle against him He will send an army towards him from Syria. The name of the army will be Lashkar-e-Sufyani.
This army will be made to sink in ground between Makkah and Madinah only one person will survive in this army and he will tell people the news of their deaths. The major Occultation is still in effect, and will not end until the End of Time akhir al-zaman when the Mahdi comes back to re-establish Justice on earth. Imamite traditions give four reasons for the Occultation.
Putting the Imamites to the test; the Occultation serves as a long period of trial, a challenge to their faith. Finally, there is a hidden reason for the Occultation, that is said to be the most important of all, although it will not be revealed until the Return of the Mahdi.
To support this claim, Ibn Babuye dedicates six chapters of his Kamal al-din to those known for their extraordinarily long lives in the Arabic tradition. It is also said in the Twelver tradition that the hidden Imam attends the annual pilgrimage to Mecca, and that he sees people even if they cannot see him. He is visibly present and walks through their marketplaces and into their homes, and nobody recognizes him. His faithful are illuminated by his Light; they profit from his wilaya during his Occultation, just as one profits from the sun even when it is covered by clouds.
The history of the twelfth Imam during his major Occultation is constituted of stories and narratives recounted by those who saw the Mahdi in their dreams or in reality. Complementary to the doctrine of the greater Occultation is the notion of Intizar, or the expectation and awaiting of the Hidden Imam's return. Intizar is a state of expectancy for the reappearance of the Hidden Imam; it is a doctrine of hope and trust that he will one day reappear and establish an ideal Islamic society.
The expectation of release from suffering, grief and sorrow Intizar al-faraj is enjoined upon the believers. Several traditions mention the merit of Intizar al-faraj without specifying the nature and cause of suffering. The expectation of salvation through the rise of the twelfth Imam is dominant throughout the Occultation. Thus, the establishment of a just state became for Mutahhari and like-minded activists a legitimate first step toward the final revolution of the Mahdi.
The well-known work Wilayat-e faqih authority of the jurist was clearly meant to provide an answer to the most urgent of these concerns. In this work, Imam Khomeiny advocated the necessity for instituting an Islamic government in the absence of the Hidden Imam in order to prepare the terrain for the Rise of the Mahdi. He argued that while the Imam is in Occultation, preserving the essence of Islam and defending its sacred values should be accomplished by an Islamic government under a Guardian Jurist to be upheld as the Imam's vicegerent.
A true understanding of the End, he stated, will evolve only when Muslims abandon troubling theological entanglements concerning circumstances of the resurrection and in effect, the Occultation and instead, develop a perspective conforming to modern social and human sciences, and based on a sociological analysis of class conflict. It is believed that the Mahdi will come to fulfill the mission of all the prophets before him, and complete the task of Imam Husayn the third Imam , the great martyr of Karbala.
Sometimes a number of chapters are dedicated to the subject. There are also a great number of more specific signs listed in the compilations. Skip to main content. Safeguarding the life of the twelfth Imam. Sachedina, Islamic Messianism, P. Ibid, p. Fazlur Rahman , Islam , p. Hakimi, Khorshid-e Maghreb, p. Amin, al-Mahdi wal-Mahdawiyah, p. Ibn Khaldun, The Muqaddimah, vol. Nasr, Ideals and realities of Islam, p. Ibn Babuye , Kamal al-din , vol 1, pp. Imami or imamate ; the Shia who believe in twelve imams Sachedina, Islamic Messianism, pp.
Corbin, En Islam Iranien, vol. Ibn Babuye, Kamal al-din, vol. Al-Kulayni, Usul, Kitab al-Hujja, bab nadir fi hal al-ghayba, vol. Ibn Babuye, Kamal al-din , vol. Majlisi, Bihar al-Anwar, Vol. Bihar vol. Ibid Mutahhari, p.
Mufid, p.
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