This is especially important to measure if sperm motility is low, to differentiate between live non-motile sperm and dead sperm. If more than half of sperms are immotile, further testing may be needed to evaluate viability.
There are a variety of causes for necrozoospermia, including many of the same things that can cause low sperm count. Using a non-fertility-safe lubricant or regular condom can kill sperm, even if they don't contain spermicide. Make sure you tell your doctor if you used lubricant or a regular condom to produce your semen sample. Ask your doctor about fertility-approved lubricants and specialty condoms that are available for the collection of semen samples. What It Is: Sperm morphology refers to the shape of the sperm cells.
The lab technician closely examines a sample of sperm, checking to see approximately what percentage have a normal shape. The head, midsection, and tail are evaluated, as well as the measurements and proportions between each.
Before , the World Health Organization had different requirements for sperm to be considered "normal" in shape. Labs may have evaluated sperm morphology according to the WHO criteria, or what is known as Kruger's Strict criteria.
Speak to your doctor to find out if they are using the outdated WHO criteria or Kruger's criteria. Poor sperm morphology may be caused by the same things that can cause low sperm counts. Sperm morphology is poorly understood, and because the evaluation is somewhat subjective, scores can vary on the same semen sample, in the same lab, using the same scoring techniques. If sperm morphology is abnormal, but all the other semen parameters fall within normal limits, then male fertility could still be considered normal.
What It Is: When semen is ejaculated, it is thick and gelatinous. This is to help it adhere to the cervix. The semen eventually liquefies to enable the sperm to swim better.
What Is Considered Normal: Semen should liquefy within 20 minutes of ejaculation. What Might Be Wrong If Results Are Abnormal: Delayed liquefaction may indicate a problem with the prostate, the seminal vesicles, or the bulbourethral glands, which are also known as the male accessory glands.
If delayed liquefaction occurs, your doctor might want to follow up with a post-coital test PCT. This fertility test evaluates a female partner's cervical mucus after sexual intercourse. If sperm are found and moving normally, the delayed liquefaction is not considered a problem. What It Is: Semen pH is a measurement of how acidic or alkaline the semen is. The seminal vesicle fluid should be more alkaline, while the prostate fluids should be more acidic.
In combination, they balance each other out in the semen. Currently, there's no consensus on how more alkaline semen may affect fertility, and so there's no upper pH limit according to the WHO guidelines.
This may point to an obstruction or absence of the vas deferens. What It Is: White blood cells are the cells that fight infection in the body. All semen includes white blood cells. What Is Considered Normal: The white blood cell count should be less than 1,, per milliliter of semen, or 1.
Bacterospermia is when excessive levels of bacteria are found in semen. Some men may have leukocytospermia and not have any active infection or male fertility impairment.
There is a theory that a possible cause of bacterospermia is untreated dental infections , though this has not been proven. One abnormal semen analysis result is not necessarily a sign of impaired male fertility. Because so many factors can lead to a poor result, including recent illness or even stress over the test, your doctor will likely repeat the semen analysis in a few weeks. Speak to your doctor about what to expect next. Be sure to disclose any possible causes for poor results including recent illness, a love of hot tubs or heated car seats, trouble producing a sample for the analysis, and all the medications you're currently taking, including any recreational drugs.
If the poor results repeat, what treatments may be available? This depends on the cause of infertility as well as the female partner's fertility and age. There are some options for treatment. Get diet and wellness tips to help your kids stay healthy and happy. An update on the clinical assessment of the infertile male. Clinics Sao Paulo. World Health Organization. American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Diagnostic Testing for Male Factor Infertility.
Oxid Med Cell Longev. University of Rochester Medical Center. Semen Analysis. Roberts M, Jarvi K. Can Urol Assoc J. USC Fertility. Abnormal Sperm Counts. Urology Care Foundation. Vasan SS. Indian J Urol.
Menkveld R, Kruger TF. Advantages of strict Tygerberg criteria for evaluation of sperm morphology. Int J Androl. Learn about the procedure and results of a sperm analysis…. Sperm motility refers to the ability of the sperm to move efficiently. Low sperm motility is one factor that can lead to infertility. Causes include…. There are many factors and requirements related to the successful conception of a human infant. The size and shape of individual sperm, known as sperm….
Normal sperm count: Everything you need to know. Medically reviewed by Stacy Sampson, D. Normal sperm counts Low sperm counts High sperm counts Additional semen analysis aspects Improving sperm counts Outlook Sperm are male reproductive cells present in the ejaculate. Normal sperm counts. Share on Pinterest The average sperm count is between 40 million and million sperm per ml. Low sperm counts. High sperm counts. Additional semen analysis aspects.
Improving sperm counts. Exposure to air pollutants may amplify risk for depression in healthy individuals. Costs associated with obesity may account for 3. Related Coverage. Mountain Dew does not kill sperm. There are many factors and requirements related to the successful conception of a human infant. The size and shape of individual sperm, known as sperm…. What to know about sperm analysis Medically reviewed by J. Keith Fisher, M. Uses Getting a sample Results Abnormal results Vasectomy Outlook A sperm analysis involves checking a sample of semen for overall sperm health.
Why is sperm analysis done? Share on Pinterest A sperm analysis can help a doctor diagnose fertility problems. How to obtain a sperm sample. What do the results mean? Share on Pinterest A sperm analysis can help identify issues with sperm count, motility, or shape. What do abnormal results mean? Share on Pinterest A doctor may recommend further tests to identify the cause of abnormal results. Semen analysis after a vasectomy.
Medically reviewed by J. Exposure to air pollutants may amplify risk for depression in healthy individuals. Costs associated with obesity may account for 3. Related Coverage. Infertility in men and women. Medically reviewed by Debra Rose Wilson, Ph. Facts about sperm health and lifespan. Medically reviewed by Judith Marcin, M. Male infertility and you Infertility can be a tough issue to deal with for either sex.
How does sperm motility affect fertility? Medically reviewed by Daniel Murrell, MD. What is a sperm morphology, and what do results mean? Medically reviewed by Janet Brito, Ph.
0コメント