Travelers, explorers and adventurers like Florence Nightingale, David Livingstone, Ernest Shackleton, Lewis and Clark and Sherlock Holmes relied on maps to plan travels to the world's most remote corners, Timeless Maps is mapping most locations on the globe, showing the achievement of great dreams Appleby-in-Westmorland, Cumbria, United Kingdom, England, N 54 34' 37'', W 2 29' 23'', map, Timeless Map published in It is bordered by the historic counties of Northumberland to the northeast, County Durham to the east, Westmorland to the southeast, Lancashire to the south, and the Scottish counties of Dumfriesshire and Roxburghshire to the north.
It formed an administrative county from to excluding Carlisle from and now forms part of Cumbria. Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume V; Cumberland is a historic county of North West England that had an administrative function from the 12th century until A collection of 37 Maps of the counties of England.
Overton, A collection of 37 Maps of the counties of England, being reprints, of J. Source: Maps. Language: English. Map of Westmorland. Crosthwaite at Keswick, J.
Stockdale Bookseller, Picccadilly, J. Harrop, Manchester, and R. Parker Bookseller, Lancaster. County of united kingdom of great Britain, England. The earliest "census" was the Domesday Book which covered southern parts only of Westmorland. Ecclesiastical History etc from Magna Britannica et Hibernia.
County Churches: Cumberland and Westmorland by J. Charles Cox Published in , G. London is available on archive. Cumbrian Parishes - from Bishop Gastrell's Notitia. Dr Lawrence A. Many church photographs are available via the parish pages on this site. Actual church plans mostly C19th are available online. There should also be copies at the Carlisle Office.
Listings have been published by Cumbria Archives which will confirm which office will hold the originals. Use the normal sources for indexes and obtaining microfilms. The registers for 4 Westmorland parishes are included in a parish register index by Roland Grigg Internet Archive.
Older church records include Westmorland Protestation Returns which record the males over 18 who swore an oath of allegiance and those who didn't. These returns have survived for the East and West wards and a transcript has been published by M A Faraday.
There are not many Roman Catholic records for Westmorland. The county was in Hexham Diocese in and had only 2 chapels: Kendal and Dodding Green records in Kendal record Office for A list of Papists of Kendale is transcribed on EdenLinks. Non-conformist registers are usually deposited at the PRO in London. Microfilm copies for many are available in the Kendal Record Office. Details of Society of Friends records are given on the Cumbria Archive site. Brett Langston has provided details of Westmorland Registration Districts Certificates of birth, death and marriage can be obtained from the Cumbria Certificate Service..
This county was divided into two grand divisions called the Barony of Westmorland and the Barony of Kendal. The former was divided into two wards called East Ward and West Ward, and the latter comprised the Kendal and Lonsdale Wards, forming the south-west part of the county. Magna Britannica et Hibernia. Volume 6: Westmorland by Thomas Cox printed in includes topography and natural history.
Quaritch; [etc. Historical Guides to the Lakes and a collection of historical prints are available on a LakesGuides site formerly by the Geography Department, Portsmouth University.
Legends of Westmorland and the Lake district. Published in , Hamilton, Adams, and Co. Old photos of Westmorland are available on the Francis Frith site. Westmorland is now part of Cumbria and is best-known for including part of the beautiful Lake District National Park. It contains the largest lake - Windermere - and second highest mountain - Helvelleyn - in England. Many present day photographs are available on Visit Cumbria. A number of printed directories exist covering or including the county.
There is a collection in Kendal Public Library covering The Leicester University project Historical directories has facsimiles of a number of directories for the county. These include:. Grigg, Ed. The details for all parishes from this directory are transcribed on Edenlinks site. These and several other Cumbrian directories have been combined on Roland Grigg's website Internet Archive. Westmorland is included in Pigot's Trade Directory searchable database hosted on Rootsweb..
Use the national church database to identify a particular place in Westmorland or to identify other places within a certain distance. Enter the place-name in the text-box and press the "Search" Button. History and Gazetteer from Magna Britannica et Hibernia. The Ordnance Survey site is useful for identifying and locating places. Streetmap [for the whole of the UK] has a placename search facility for locating places. Pedigrees recorded at the heralds' visitations of the counties of Cumberland and Westmorland made by Richard St.
Thurman and sons Carlisle available in OpenLibrary. London , is available on Google Books. There is a Westmorland genealogy mail-list hosted by CumbriaFHS There is an archive for former mail-list for Westmorland genealogy is hosted and archived by Rootsweb. Volume 6: Westmorland by Thomas Cox, 45 pages, printed in Rootsweb Westmorland Listmembers c ". These two Parts belong to two Dioceses, viz. This County was Part of the large Country of the Brigantes, of whom we having given a large Account in Cumberland, we shall supersede any Description of them here, as we shall also of the Northumbrian Kingdom established by the Saxons, of which this Shire was a Part, because we have also set down the Succession of the Kings thereof in Northumberland, to which we thought it most properly to belong, because from that County it took its Name, and thither also we refer our Reader.
How the Conqueror, after England became perfectly subject to him, dealt with this little County, our Historians are altogether silent. This Robert still continuing in the King's Wars, had the next ensuing Year another Grant for his better Support of the Premisses, together with the Services of all those that held not by military Services, to hold to him and his Heirs, by the Wife that he then had, by the Service of four Knights Fees for all Service; provided, that he should not commit Waste in the Woods of Winesell, nor hunt in them during the King's Life, except he were there himself in Person, and saving to the King and his Heirs, all Pleas of the Crown.
In the two Baronies of Westmorland and Kendal before-mentioned, we find no Hundreds, but only Wards, Deaneries, Parishes, and Constablewicks; all which but the Deaneries, not being distinctly known to us, we are obliged to treat of the Towns in an Alphabetical Order, putting the Market-Towns in capital Letters for the more easy finding them. The shores of the lake are extremely irregular, and from its making different bold sweeps, only parts of it are seen at once.
The lower extremity is bordered by pleasant inclosures, interspersed with woods and cottages, scattered on the sides of gently rising hills; advancing upwards towards Patterdale, the inclosures are of smaller extent, and the hills more lofty and rugged, until their aspect becomes wholly wild and mountainous.
In its highest expanse are a few small rocky islands. Place-fell, on the east, projects its barren and rugged base into the lake; and on the west rise several rocky hills, one of which, called Stybarrow Crag, is clothed with oaks and birches: these and the other surrounding hills are furrowed with glens and the channels of torrents, causing remarkable echoes. When the sky is uniformly overcast and the air perfectly calm, this lake, in common with some others, has its surface overspread by a smooth oily appearance, provincially called a keld, which term is also applied to the places that are longest in freezing.
It contains abundance of fine trout, perch, skellies, and eels; some char; and a species of trout, called grey trout, almost peculiar to it, which frequently attains the weight of 30lb. Windermere, is ten miles and a half long, and lies on the western border of the county, which it separates, for the greater part of its length, from Lancashire, in which county its lower extremity is wholly included. Its breadth is from one to two miles, and its area is computed at acres, including thirteen islands occupying a space of about 40 acres, the largest of which, called Curwen's Isle, contains 27 acres.
The Westmorland margin of the lake is bordered by inclosures rising gently from the water's edge, adorned with numerous woody and rocky knolls of various elevations and sizes; the Lancashire shore is higher and more abrupt, and is clothed with wood, though not to the summit.
A simple magnificence is the chief characteristic of the surrounding scenery. The fisheries, which are rented of the crown, are for common and grey trout, pike, perch, skellies, eels, and more especially for char, the most remarkable produce of the lake, of which there are two sorts, called, from the difference of their colour, silver char and golden char; the former is considered the more delicious, and is potted for the London market. Great numbers of water-fowl resort to this lake, and to a few of the smaller ones.
Grasmere is a particularly beautiful lake, at the lower end of a valley bearing its name; in the middle of it is a small island, and its head is adorned by the church and village of Grasmere.
Hawswater, situated in a narrow vale called Mardale, is three miles long, and from a quarter to half a mile broad. About the centre it is nearly divided into two parts by a low inclosed promontory, and the mountains which environ its head are steep, bold, and craggy, but are skirted at their feet by inclosures. On its northern side is Naddle Forest, a steep mountainous ridge in the form of a bow, in which rises Wallow Craig, a mass of upright rocks.
The other portions of its scenery are equally interesting. The char and trout of the lake are in great esteem; and besides these, it produces perch, skellies, and eels. Elter-water, at the bottom of Great Langdale, and which is rather larger than Grasmere, is inferior to none of the smaller lakes in the variety and beauty of its scenery.
Broadwater, about a mile above the head of Ullswater, is environed by high and rugged mountains, and is viewed to great advantage from a spot called Hartsop-high-field. Rydal-water, on the course of the Rothay, is shallow, and has several picturesque woody islands; it is about a mile in length.
The principal of the smaller lakes, commonly called tarns, are, Ais-water, a mile south-west of Hartsop, and about a mile northward of which is Angletarn; Grisedale-tarn, at the head of Grisedale; Redtarn, under the eastern side of Helvellyn, and westward of which lies Kepel-cove-tarn; Red-tarn and Smallwater, at the head of Riggindale, the highest branch of Mardale; Skeggles-water, in the mountains between Long Sleddale and Kentmere; Kentmere, in the valley of the Kent; Sunbiggin-tarn, in the parish of Orton; and Whinfell-tarn, in the parish of Kendal.
Along the chain of mountains extending from Cross-fell, in a southern direction, to Stainmore near Brough, a distance of about twenty miles, occurs a singular phenomenon called the Helm Wind, which blows at various times of the year, but generally from October to April.
Notwithstanding the inclosures and improvements that have taken place since the commencement of the present century, the cultivated lands hardly amount to one-half the whole extent of the county.
There are few counties where, in proportion to their size, more milch-cows are kept than in this, and where the produce of the dairy is an object of greater importance: large quantities of butter are sent to the London market, in firkins containing b.
Not less than 10, Scotch cattle are annually brought to Brough Hill fair, whence great numbers are driven towards the rich pastures of the more southern portions of England, though many are retained and fattened in Westmorland.
In some parts, considerable tracts are covered with coppices, consisting chiefly of oak, ash, alder, birch, and hazel. These underwoods, particularly in the barony of Kendal, are usually cut every sixteenth year, hardly any trees being left for timber; and their produce is converted partly into hoops, which are made in the county, and sent coastwise to Liverpool; and partly into charcoal, which is in demand for the neighbouring ironworks.
Timber is chiefly found in the plantations, which are numerous and, at Whinfield Forest and around Lowther Hall, extensive: the larch is generally the most flourishing tree, though indeed most of the woods spring with a degree of vigour hardly to be expected from the bleak and exposed situations which many of them occupy. The extensive wastes are partly subject to common right, constituting a great part of the value of many farms, to which they are attached; and partly in severalties and stinted pastures.
A few of them consist of commons in low situations, possessing a good soil; but by far the greater number are mountainous tracts, called by the inhabitants fells and moors, which produce little besides a very coarse grass, heath and fern, provincially called ling and brackens: the soil of these is generally a poor hazel-mould and peat-moss.
The higher wastes are principally applied to the pasturage of large flocks of sheep, which, during the winter, are all brought down to the inclosures: by the end of April they are sent back to the wastes. Numerous herds of black-cattle are likewise to be seen on the lower commons: a few are of the breed of the county; the rest are Scotch. The mineral productions are various, and some of them valuable.
They consist chiefly of lead, coal, marble, slate the finest in England , limestoue, freestone, and gypsum; and every part of the county presents an interesting field of study to the geologist. The principal Lead mines are those at Dunfell, which are considered to be nearly exhausted; at Dufton, where they are unusually rich; at Eagle Crags, in Grisedale, a branch of the vale of Patterdale; and at Greenside, near Patterdale.
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