Blood cell production — certain bones in the skeleton contain bone marrow which produces red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Examples of bones that contain marrow are the pelvis, sternum, humerus and femur. Storage of minerals - the bones store minerals such as calcium, iron, potassium and phosphorous and release them into the blood when the body needs to use them.
The bones of the pectoral girdle consist of two bones scapula and clavicle and anchor the upper limb to the thoracic cage of the axial skeleton. The three regions of the upper limb are: arm humerus , forearm ulna medially and radius laterally , and the hand. The base of the hand contains eight bones carpal bones , and the palm is formed by five bones metacarpal bones.
The fingers and thumb contain a total of 14 bones, called phalanges. The pelvic girdle is formed by a single bone, the hip or coxal bone, and serves as the attachment point for each lower limb. Each hip bone is joined to the axial skeleton by its attachment to the sacrum of the vertebral column.
The right and left hip bones attach to each other anteriorly. The lower limb contains 30 bones and is divided into three regions, the thigh, leg, and foot. These consist of the femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsal bones, metatarsal bones, and phalanges. The bones of the foot are divided into three groups, the tarsal bones, metatarsal bones, and phalanges of the foot.
Privacy Policy. Skip to main content. Skeletal System. Search for:. Overview of the Skeletal System. Overview of the Musculoskeletal System The musculoskeletal system is an organ system that enables an organism to move, support itself, and maintain stability during locomotion. Learning Objectives Explain the purpose of the musculoskeletal system. The skeleton serves as the main storage system for calcium and phosphorus.
The skeleton also contains critical components of the hematopoietic blood production system and fat storage. These functions occur in red marrow and yellow marrow, respectively.
To allow motion, different bones are connected by articulating joints. Cartilage prevents the bone ends from rubbing directly on to each other while the muscles contract to move the bones associated with the joint. Key Terms red marrow : Red marrow or medulla ossium rubra, consists mainly of hematopoietic tissue, and gives rise to red blood cells RBCs , platelets and most white blood cells WBCs. All cellular blood components are derived from HSCs. The Axial Skeleton The axial skeleton functions to support and protect the organs of the dorsal and ventral cavities and serves as a surface for the attachment of muscles and parts of the appendicular skeleton.
Learning Objectives List the components of the axial skeleton. Key Takeaways Key Points The axial skeleton is the part of the skeleton that consists of the bones of the head and trunk of a vertebrate animal, including humans. The primary divisions of the skeleton system are the head, thorax, and vertebral column.
The rib cage functions as protection for the vital organs of the chest such as the heart and lungs. Key Terms flat bones : Thin bones although often curved that serve as points of attachment for muscles and protect internal organs examples, cranium, sternum.
The Appendicular Skeleton The appendicular skeleton includes the skeletal elements within the limbs, as well as supporting pectoral and pelvic girdles. Learning Objectives List the components of the appendicular skeleton.
Key Takeaways Key Points The appendicular skeleton comprises bones and is involved in locomotion and manipulation of objects in the environment. The bones of the appendicular skeleton are divided into two groups: the bones that are located within the limbs themselves, and the girdle bones that attach the limbs to the axial skeleton.
The bones of the pectoral girdle anchor the upper limb to the thoracic cage of the axial skeleton. Without the appendicular skeleton we would be unable to move around and do the activities we do on a daily basis. The vertebral column spine is a key part of the axial skeleton. It is important to have a good understanding of the spine as it is a common area that people injure and have postural issues with.
For this reason, as a trainer understanding the spine and its natural curves will help you cue clients when exercising in order to keep them safe, as well as communicate with other professionals such as physiotherapists.
The vertebral column is made up of lots of individual vertebrae which are grouped together into five different sections. These sections are listed below and can also be seen on the adjacent diagram. When analysing the spine or talking to another professional, such as a physiotherapist, it helps to reference each vertebra as a number.
For this reason vertebrae are numbered in descending order in their corresponding sections i. Make writing personal training programs easy with these custom designed exercise templates, and keep your clients focused and progressing. Pain-free clients are happy clients. Claim your free copy of the client back care guide today. Your clients will thank you for it! Link to Client Back Care Guide.
All rights reserved. Search Site only in current section. Advanced Search…. In this page we look at the major components and functions of the system that gives each and every one of us our 'structure'.
What is the skeleton? An example of the skeleton in the anatomical position can be seen in the adjacent image. What does the skeleton do? The skeleton provides four major functions, which are; 1.
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